Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
Definition:
Computed tomography (CT) is a method of body imaging in which a thin x-ray beam rotates around the patient. Small detectors measure the amount of x-rays that make it through the patient or particular area of interest.
A computer analyzes the data to construct a cross-sectional image. These images can be stored, viewed on a monitor, or printed on film. In addition, three-dimensional models of organs can be created by stacking the individual images, or "slices."
How the test is performed:
The patient will be asked to lie on a narrow table that slides into the center of the scanner. Depending on the study being performed, the patient may need to lie on his or her stomach, back, or side. If contrast dye is to be administered, an IV will be placed in a small vein of a hand or arm.
Much like standard photographic cameras, any motion you make causes blurred images in CT. Therefore, the operator will instruct the patient through an intercom on when to hold his or her breath and not move.
As the exam takes place, the table will advance small intervals through the scanner. Modern "spiral" scanners can perform the exam in one continuous motion. Generally, complete scans will only take a few minutes. However, additional contrast-enhanced or higher-resolution scans will add to the scan time. The newest multidetector scanners can image the entire body, head to toe, in less than 30 seconds.
Why the test is performed:
CT provides rapid, detailed cross-sectional imaging of the patient which can then be reconstructed into three-dimensional models, as needed. Intravenous contrast enhanced scans allow for evaluation of vascular structures and further evaluation of masses and tumors.
CT is often utilized in the trauma setting to evaluate the brain, chest, and abdomen. As well, CT can be used to guide interventional procedures, such as biopsies and placement of drainage tubes.
Adapted from the National Library of Medicine (http://medlineplus.gov).